{"id":177,"date":"2015-09-05T15:35:40","date_gmt":"2015-09-05T20:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.wordpress.com\/?p=177"},"modified":"2015-09-05T15:35:40","modified_gmt":"2015-09-05T20:35:40","slug":"triet-ly-cua-tra-luong-cao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/2015\/09\/05\/triet-ly-cua-tra-luong-cao\/","title":{"rendered":"Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n
Ng\u00e0y 03.09.2015\u00a0vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed9i\u00a0\u0110\u1ed3ng Ti\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Gia\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1t m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng 2016 t\u0103ng 12.4% so v\u1edbi 2015. Trong khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f2n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n (14.2%), b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n TTCT C\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 S\u01a1n H\u00e0 n\u00ean chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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TTCT- H\u1eb3n Henry Ford, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty Ford Motor, khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\"remodeling.hw.net\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
remodeling.hw.ne\u0103m 1914, C\u00f4ng ty Ford b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n 5 USD\/ng\u00e0y khi m\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 2-3 USD\/ng\u00e0y. Henry Ford tin r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Ford l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Sau n\u00e0y Henry Ford cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p (DN) tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai… Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 5 USD\/ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1m gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng ty. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u201cm\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ee7a Ford \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb h\u00f4m t\u1ea5t ni\u00ean n\u0103m 1913 \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Ford kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m 75% v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Allan Nevins, m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty Ford, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n Ford v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng. L\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang \u2028ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Henry Ford<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cVi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u1edbm. Gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00f4ng ty m\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 DN. N\u1ebfu chi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ef9 kinh doanh l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch kinh doanh<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00edt c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee7 DN n\u00e0o ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady. DN mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u0111a, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t mi\u1ec5n sao l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Trong cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c DN m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c than r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kham n\u1ed5i chi ph\u00ed do t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean qua v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Henry Ford, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c DN n\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf – \u2028ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u201cTi\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d (Efficiency wages theory) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (Neoclassical economics) sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed cho DN.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng: l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, do v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn DN tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c… DN tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh DN tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i: cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DN ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 DN \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu DN tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf DN kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, DN gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng) cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. DN kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e3n c\u00f4ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf g\u1ecdi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. DN gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao, v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng cao, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu khi b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u2028v\u0129 m\u00f4<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, t\u0103ng l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh… Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Khi gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, ch\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m thu h\u1eb9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, do v\u1eady l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Barack Obama \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf M\u1ef9, nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 lo ng\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch (Center for Economic and Policy Research) cho th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (1).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Arindrajit Dube, T. William Lester, v\u00e0 Michael Reich v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 sau khi so s\u00e1nh m\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a 250 qu\u1eadn k\u1ebf c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau trong hai n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 2006 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (2).<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Sylvia A. Allegretto, Arindrajit Dube v\u00e0 Michael Reich v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng gia t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c (3).<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 15-1-2014, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia kinh t\u1ebf (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel g\u1ed3m Kenneth Arrow, Peter Diamond, Eric Maskin, Thomas Schelling, Robert Solow, Michael Spence v\u00e0 Joseph Stiglitz) \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo gi\u1edd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 7,25 USD l\u00ean 10,10 USD t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016, c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf, r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (Hoa K\u1ef3) \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y ra r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. T\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u00edch c\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n thu nh\u1eadp ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chung chung \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cg\u00e2y ra th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 DN, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 DN th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0u n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i thu nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00ean h\u00e0m chi ti\u00eau r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp, n\u1ebfu chuy\u1ec3n thu nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 k\u00edch c\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1edd nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u0103ng 17% theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, si\u00eang n\u0103ng… kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong 5-10 n\u0103m n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may. Khi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao, thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb s\u1ebd l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/em>\u201d – chuy\u00ean gia Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh (4).<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng Simon Mathews, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Manpower, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay v\u00ec loay hoay chuy\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb hay \u0111\u1eaft. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201clao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb\u201d ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1ea5p r\u00fat \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng? Vi\u1ec7c chi tr\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Sandra Polaski, ph\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILO), cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n<\/em>…\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, l\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf DN k\u00e9m c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c DN v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, si\u00eau nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu, \u00f4ng B\u00f9i Quang H\u1ed3ng – ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd – cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i DN th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng DN y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Yoon Young Mo – c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ILO t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam – c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c DN kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n…\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111em l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u25a0<\/p>\n

(1): John Smith, \u201cWhy does the minimum way have no discernible Effect on Employment?\u201d Center for Economic and Policy Research, February 2013.<\/em><\/p>\n

(2): Arindrajit Dube, T. William Lester, v\u00e0 Michael Reich, \u201cMinimum wage effects across state borders: Estimates using contiguous counties\u201d, The Review of Economics and Statistics, November 2010.<\/em><\/p>\n

(3): Sylvia A. Allegretto, Arindrajit Dube, v\u00e0 Michael Reich, \u201cDo minimum Wages really reduce teen employment? Accounting for heterogeneity and selectivity in state panel data\u201d, Industrial Relations, April 2011.<\/em><\/p>\n

(4): http:\/\/laodong.com.vn<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7m th\u1ee9c \u0103n nhanh, tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, si\u00eau th\u1ecb, s\u00e2n bay… t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f2i m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 15 USD\/gi\u1edd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 2012, H\u00e3ng tin CNN \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta?\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Sau m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y may m\u1eb7c n\u0103m 1911 \u1edf M\u1ef9, C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n may m\u1eb7c n\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILGWU) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t lu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1edfng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu nh\u1ecf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n y t\u00e1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n, ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u1ec9 b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1m gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 m\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng khi l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd…<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng sa th\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng s\u1edf, lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5i c\u00f2i\u201d t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng s\u1edf, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh… V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m 1964, M\u1ef9 ra lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m ch\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao tu\u1ed5i, n\u0103m 1974 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thu nh\u1eadp h\u01b0u tr\u00ed, n\u0103m 1990 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u M\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua\u201d, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2012, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Li\u00ean minh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng taxi New York, gi\u1edbi t\u00e0i x\u1ebf t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, 50% s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i x\u1ebf taxi New York kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1eaft c\u1ed5. N\u0103m 2014, c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean FedEx ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y v\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u201ckh\u00f4ng coi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d. FedEx quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u201cc\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean\u201d n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp 30.000 – 35.000 USD\/n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng ca, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m… Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a FedEx c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n 39.000 USD\/n\u0103m, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 80.000 USD\/n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi l\u1ee3i \u00edch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p… Nh\u1edd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y, FedEx ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec7n FedEx v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2014, m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a \u00e1n M\u1ef9 ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u201cc\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a FedEx c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u1ee6y ban Quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 (NLRB) c\u0169ng ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 quy ch\u1ebf nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n nhanh McDonald\u2019s.<\/p>\n

S\u01a0N H\u00c0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao Ng\u00e0y 03.09.2015\u00a0vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed9i\u00a0\u0110\u1ed3ng Ti\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Gia\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1t m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng 2016 t\u0103ng 12.4% so v\u1edbi 2015. Trong khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f2n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n (14.2%), b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2,29,10,15,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-doanh-nghiep","category-nhan-su","category-quan-tri-nhan-su","category-tu-van"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vuthanhnamduc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}